Some computers are easy to spot. Artificial, human-built computers like those found in smartphones and laptops are abstract dynamic systems with observable computational elements like input, output, ...

The AI hardware boom is sending memory prices sky-high, so knowing exactly how much you need is more critical than ever. I've worked out the most realistic RAM goals for every type of PC.

When your AI assistant calculates revenue, bonuses, VAT or financial summaries, it isn’t doing math. It’s telling a convincing story about numbers.