Various techniques—ranging from x-ray and optical inspection through functional electrical test—have emerged to shorten time to market and reduce test costs while maintaining thorough fault coverage.

The systems have increased test throughput by up to 75% over the original testers. Also, result reporting is easier thanks to a compact database that stores all test data. Lifeline Systems provides ...

For testing PCBs, test engineers have a variety of options ranging from venerable in-circuit testers and flying probers to functional testers and the latest in embedded-instrument technology.

Design for manufacturing (DFM) has become a proactive part of the design process, but the same cannot be said for DFT. Whereas “left-shifting” DFM has reduced manufacturing problems, increased yield, ...

In-circuit test (ICT) systems have been the leaders in using electrical means to look for structural defects in PCBs. They employ bed-of-nails fixtures to provide electrical access to as many as 7000 ...

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a family of halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons with unique physical and chemical properties such as thermal stability, resistance to acids, oxidation, and ...