Here this circuit is based on the principle of audio amplification using operational amplifier and pulse width modulation using 555 Timer. In this article we are describing the principle, design and ...

This device uses an external low side N-channel MOSFET and can drive up to 90V of white LEDs from a nominal 12V input, delivering in excess of 50 watts. Spread spectrum frequency modulation reduces ...

First I’ll tell what you already know. Back in the day, AM broadcasting was king and FM was commercial-free. Things changed in the 1970s as FM grew in popularity. Here we are 40+ years later with many ...