Published January 7 in the journal Nature, one paper tackled the age-old problem of nature’s construction with a bit of a twist: it suggests that living networks, like our brain, may use some of the ...

Semigroup theory examines algebraic structures consisting of a set endowed with an associative binary operation. These structures encompass a wide range of mathematical entities including monoids, ...

The human ecosystem is made of open and closed systems. While the earth is a closed system for matter but an open system for energy, the human body is considered an open system. There is a growing ...

The theory of structure formation consistent with embryonic inflation -- a scenario of simultaneous evolution of the precursor nebulae of galaxies and solar systems -- is presented in Chapter 7. First ...

Like many of us, [Tim]’s seen online videos of circuit sculptures containing illuminated LED filaments. Unlike most of us, however, he went a step further by using graph theory to design glowing ...

Take chemistry, add energy, get life. The first tests of Jeremy England’s provocative origin-of-life hypothesis are in, and they appear to show how order can arise from nothing. The paper strips away ...

Why are party systems in modern democracies so essentially robust? We theorize patterns of electoral competition as the outcome of a struggle between entropy and structure. Forces of entropy entail ...