Plasma is a state of matter that emerges when a gas is heated to sufficiently high temperatures, prompting some electrons to become free from atoms. This state of matter has been the focus of many ...

It has been demonstrated that particles reach a dynamic equilibrium level in normal operating machines. The theory is based on the fact that if particles are generated at a constant rate and are then ...

SIAM Journal on Applied Mathematics, Vol. 42, No. 4 (Aug., 1982), pp. 903-913 (11 pages) For a complete set of equilibrium particle densities and temperatures, the corresponding distribution functions ...

Although most natural and synthetic processes prefer to settle into equilibrium—a state of unchanging balance without potential or energy—it is within the realm of non-equilibrium conditions where new ...

PARTICLE growth in supersaturated solutions has stimulated much theoretical and experimental work, but less attention has been paid to the subsequent reaction of particle coarsening in a matrix of ...