Amid all the hype about AI it sometimes seems as though the world has lost sight of the fact that software such as ChatGPT contains no intelligence. Instead it’s an extremely sophisticated system for ...

Forbes contributors publish independent expert analyses and insights. Dr. Lance B. Eliot is a world-renowned AI scientist and consultant. In today’s column, I closely examine an innovative way of ...

What if you could predict the future, not with a crystal ball, but with math? In this guide, Veritasium explains how a 120-year-old concept called Markov chains has become a silent force shaping ...

Journal of Applied Probability, Vol. 14, No. 4 (Dec., 1977), pp. 740-747 (8 pages) We consider an infinite Markov chain with states E0, E1, ⋯, such that E1, E2, ⋯ is not closed, and for i ≥ 1 movement ...