A scheme of simple band-pass RC- and LR- filters on operational amplifiers containing only one capacitor or inductor and 3 resistors is proposed. A comparison is made of the amplitude-frequency ...

To achieve high-precision measurements required for today’s advanced systems, maintaining low noise is essential. One effective solution is to have a voltage reference followed by a signal-flow-graph ...

Every PWM DAC needs analog filtering to separate the desired DC component from unwanted AC ripple. The simplest filter is the single-stage RC low-pass filter. It gives a Vrpp (ripple peak-to-peak ...