As the name implies, if we finally put together all the elementary blocks above (transistors, current mirrors, current sources, differential stages and buffers) we finally come to something usable, ...

Though sometimes taken for granted, designers shouldn’t overlook the intricacies of voltage- and current-feedback op amps—integral players in the analog and mixed-signal worlds. Op amps amplify tiny ...

To design a 2-stage, single-ended op-amp with PMOS inputs with the following design specifications. The first stage is a differential pair with a current mirror load. The second stage is a common ...

Sometimes I wish FETs had become practical before bipolar transistors. A FET is a lot more like a tube and amplifies voltages. Bipolar transistors amplify current and that makes them a bit harder to ...

An optimized, basic op amp offers precise sensor-output performance while negating temperature-induced drift and errors.

Low-voltage CMOS analog circuit design has emerged as a critical area of research, driven by the dual imperatives of energy efficiency and high-performance signal processing. This discipline focuses ...