In Bhatt and Roy's minimal directed spanning tree construction for n random points in the unit square, all edges must be in a south-westerly direction and there must be a directed path from each ...

Carpathian Journal of Mathematics, Vol. 25, No. 1 (2009), pp. 104-118 (15 pages) In this survey paper, we discuss the development of the Generalized Minimum Spanning Tree Problem, denoted by GMSTP, ...

Complex networks represent interconnected systems found in fields ranging from sociology to biology and technological infrastructures. A critical aspect of analysing such networks is the study of ...

The minimal spanning tree shows 59 genotypes (nodes) based on 88 genetic markers, whose continental sources are indicated by colors within pie-charts. Disclaimer: AAAS and EurekAlert! are not ...