Modulation is the act of translating some low-frequency or baseband signal (voice, music, and data) to a higher frequency. Why do we modulate signals? There are at least two reasons: to allow the ...

The average textbook definition of modulation reads: modulation is a process in which the frequency, phase or amplitude of a carrier wave varies in step with the instantaneous value of the modulating ...

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When you tune in to the radio, the announcer says, “Welcome to 100.1 FM Gold” or “You are listening to Akashvani at 783 AM”. The terms ‘AM’ and ‘FM’ refer to forms of signal modulation — a method at ...

A signal generator, a general-purpose piece of test equipment, performs numerous measurements for a variety of applications requiring electromagnetic wave signals as stimuli. Its roots trace back to ...

Synchronous detection is a measurement method where a stimulus is modulated with some frequency and the response is demodulated to bring the signal back down to base band. Performed when a dc stimulus ...

Bacteria employ complex signaling networks for adaptive gene control in changing environments. Bacterial second messenger molecules such as cyclic AMP (cAMP) relay external environmental signals into ...