Modulation is fundamental to electronic communications. The modulating signal might be analog in nature (voice or music) or digital bit streams. Most modern communication systems are digital, using ...

Compared to the simple diode needed to demodulate AM radio signals, the detector circuits used for FM are slightly more complicated. Wrapping your head around phase detectors, ratio detectors, ...

This application note involves the use of RIGOL’s instruments for FM signal generation and analysis. An arbitrary waveform generator will be used to produce the signal and a spectrum waveform analyzer ...

A signal generator, a general-purpose piece of test equipment, performs numerous measurements for a variety of applications requiring electromagnetic wave signals as stimuli. Its roots trace back to ...

The master timing control circuit for most electronic applications is a precision signal source. For digital applications, it’s an accurate clock. In RF applications, it’s a carrier source for a ...

Emerging, data-intensive technologies like artificial intelligence and machine learning are gaining popularity. Data centers, which act as the essential infrastructure for these technologies, need to ...

Fig. 1: A simplified linear detector circuit of the Bose FM multiplex detector from the patent documents. Fig. 2: John Bose enjoys a hearty meal in the Alpine FM transmitter building in July, 1939.

(1) An earlier magnetic disk encoding method that places clock bits onto the medium along with the data bits. It was superseded by MFM and RLL. FM radio was invented in the early 1930s by Edwin Howard ...