Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is an involuntary movement disorder caused by long-term dopamine-blocking medications. Prolonged use may create chemical imbalances in brain areas controlling movement.

Tic disorders are conditions featuring sudden, non-rhythmic movements or vocalizations. A formal tic disorder diagnosis is determined by tic frequency, duration, and type. Tics are non-rhythmic ...

Stereotypic movement disorder is a motor disorder that develops in childhood, typically before grade school, and involves repetitive, purposeless movement. Examples of stereotypic movements include ...

Chorea and hemiballismus are both forms of involuntary movement disorders. Hemiballismus can cause sudden, violent, and flinging motions. Chorea can cause irregular, spontaneous, and nonrepetitive ...

Single-cell gene expression patterns in the brain motor and frontal cortex, and evidence from follow-up experiments, reveal many shared cellular and molecular similarities that could be targeted for ...

Deep brain stimulation is a surgical brain therapy used to treat symptoms of movement disorders such as dystonia, Parkinson’s disease and epilepsy. Performing over 100 DBS procedures annually, the ...