The first step is to ensure that the given distribution actually is a valid probability distribution. As mentioned earlier, this involves checking two key properties: non-negativity and summation to ...

Continuous Variable: can take on any value between two specified values. Obtained by measuring. Covariance: a measure of the direction of the linear relationship between two variables. Discrete ...

This is a graduate-level course focused on techniques and models in modern discrete probability. Topics include: the first and second moment methods, martingales, concentration inequalities, branching ...

This is a graduate-level course focused on techniques and models in modern discrete probability. Topics include: the first and second moment methods, Chernoff bounds and large deviations, martingales, ...

We supply some relations that establish intertwining from duality and give a probabilistic interpretation. This is carried out in the context of discrete Markov chains, fixing up the background of ...

This paper develops an algorithm to calculate the Brownian multivariate normal probability subject to any preset error tolerance criteria. The algorithm is founded ...