AI black box models lack transparency, making investment decisions unclear. White box models are slower but clarify their decision-making processes. Investors should verify AI outputs to align with ...

AI systems now operate on a very large scale. Modern deep learning models contain billions of parameters and are trained on ...

Pretrained large-scale AI models need to 'forget' specific information for privacy and computational efficiency, but no methods exist for doing so in black-box vision-language models, where internal ...